Monero (XMR) 介紹及使用教學
這本書的寫作是為了幫助 Monero (門羅幣)在中文世界更易於被散佈和推廣，本書內容將會持續擴充
This manual was written to make the Monero easier to promote and spread in the world of Mandarin, the content of this manual is updating continuously..
This manual was written to make the Monero easier to promote and spread in the world of Mandarin, the content of this manual is updating continuously..
大部分的內容都是由官方網站翻譯而來，版權以創用 CC 姓名標示 3.0 授權的方式授權
Most of the content is translated from the official website directly, copyright is under CC-BY-3.0 license.
Most of the content is translated from the official website directly, copyright is under CC-BY-3.0 license.
本書將詳述使用 Monero 需要了解的幾個重點：
The manual will introduce a few points of using Monero:
The manual will introduce a few points of using Monero:
- Monero 與其他虛擬幣相比的優勢
The advantage of Monero relative to other cryptocurrencies
- 如何將Monero作為貨幣交易
How to use Monero as a currency
- 如何挖礦以幫助 Monero 網路並獲得獎勵收益
How to mine in order to help Monero network and gain profit as reward
Monero 官方社群資源
Monero Official social media
Monero Official social media
官方網站(Official website): https://getmonero.org
Reddit社群(Reddit community): https://www.reddit.com/r/Monero/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/monerocurrency
GitHub: https://github.com/monero-project/monero
Reddit社群(Reddit community): https://www.reddit.com/r/Monero/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/monerocurrency
GitHub: https://github.com/monero-project/monero
Monero 中文社群資源
Monero Chinese social media
Monero Chinese social media
什麼是 Monero ?
Monero (門羅幣)是一種安全、隱密且無法追蹤的貨幣，它秉持著開放原始碼的精神且完全免費、可以自由運用的。
透過 Monero，你將不再需要任何銀行，你可以完全掌控並全權保管自己的資金，且你的帳戶及交易明細對他人將是完全保密的。
想要得到更多訊息嗎? Monero 的功能將在本書中繼續說明。
如果你想開始嘗試使用 Monero，快去如何開始頁面看一看。
本頁原文來自官方網站：
Monero is a secure, private, untraceable currency. It is open-source and freely available to all.
With Monero, you are your own bank. Only you control and are responsible for your funds, and your accounts and transactions are kept private from prying eyes.
Want to find out more? An overview of Monero's main features are below. If you'd like to try Monero for yourself the Getting Started section is an excellent launching point.
Monero 的優勢
對大多數人而言，財產的隱私是極端重要的。但在近年來，法人、銀行和政府在這部分失信洩漏出使用者的資訊、操作和餘額的次數驚人的多。很不幸又無可否認的是，並沒有一個真正安全的地方來進行私密的交易。門羅幣即具有這樣的功能，門羅幣在後比特幣時代中是一個較有地位的加密貨幣，且門羅幣就是建立在隱私、去中心化以及數位交易的可擴展性上。
從經濟學的角度來看，貨幣需要是可以互相替代的。替代性是金錢讓彼此"相同"的特性，若是沒有替代性，金流即可被追蹤並且留下紀錄，因此數位代幣非常難作為金錢使用。
門羅幣是一種安全、隱密並且無法追蹤的貨幣，門羅幣是開源並且完全免費、可以自由使用的。門羅幣在2014年四月十八日上線，並未經過預挖或預先發行。門羅幣在技術上已經引起了許多比特幣開發人員及加密貨幣的興趣，其開發完全依靠捐獻、社群推動力和致力於去中心及可擴充性上。透過門羅幣，你不再需要任何銀行，你完全掌控並全權管理你所有的資金，你的帳戶和交易明細對他人皆是完全加密的。
下頁將闡述門羅幣如何解決其他常見的加密貨幣所遇到的問題和限制，並且成為一個更加安全的區塊鏈技術貨幣。
本頁原文來自官方網站:
To most people, financial privacy is very important. Yet in recent years, we have seen a staggering amount of big corporations, banks and governments having their records compromised, at every time leaking information about their users, their practices, their balance sheets. The unfortunate but undeniable conclusion is that there is no safe place to conduct private transactions.
There was no safe place to conduct private transactions. Monero provides a place where your financial activities are private. Monero is one of the leading cryptocurrencies in the post-Bitcoin world, and it is built on principles of privacy, decentralization, and scalability.
From an economic point of view, a currency needs to be fungible. Fungibility is a property of money that makes all units "equal". Without fungibility, money flows can be tracked and tainted, making it very difficult to use the digital tokens as money.
There was no safe place to conduct private transactions. Monero provides a place where your financial activities are private. Monero is one of the leading cryptocurrencies in the post-Bitcoin world, and it is built on principles of privacy, decentralization, and scalability.
From an economic point of view, a currency needs to be fungible. Fungibility is a property of money that makes all units "equal". Without fungibility, money flows can be tracked and tainted, making it very difficult to use the digital tokens as money.
Monero is a secure, private, untraceable currency. It is open-source and freely available to all. It’s fairly launched on april 18th 2014, without premine or instamine. The Monero technology already spiked the interest of several established people in the bitcoin development world and cryptography community. The development is completely based on donations, community driven and with a strong focus on decentralization and scalability. With Monero, you are your own bank. Only you control and are responsible for your funds, and your accounts and transactions are kept private from prying eyes.
Read on to find out how Monero is helping to solve real problems and limitations of existing cryptocurrencies, and building a more private blockchain.
隱匿性 (PRIVACY)
門羅幣致力於提供完整的私密交易，這都是為了創造出一種真正的電子現金。而目前在比特幣或其他大多數從其衍生的加密貨幣的設計上，任何交易都是可以被追蹤的，任何業餘人士只要讀過任何比特幣的區塊鏈，都可以知道這筆交易的精確數值以及其交易起始點(付款位址)與目標(收款位址)。
然而，透過門羅幣，同一名人士完全沒有機會找到該交易的起始點、目標或被交易的金額，因門羅幣的設計就是完全加密並從根本上避免被追蹤。但門羅幣不僅僅是一種貨幣。官方的標語的描述："安全，隱私，無可追蹤"，這樣的概念對於需要資訊保密的機構單位有眾多應用，好比門羅幣的區塊鏈技術可以確保機密條款的保密狀態。而當未來由區塊鏈驅動的各式網路服務被廣泛應用在我們生活時，有個能保護個人隱私的開源工具就越顯得重要了。
在這彼此連結在一起的世界上，一個很基本但常被忽視、卻無疑十分重要的層面就是隱私性，我們與Privacy Solutions正在合作開發門羅幣中的 i2p 路由功能以增加節點在網路上的匿名性。在這個世界上，有許多可以為了各種理由而肆意侵犯個人隱私的政府機關及電信業者，因此建立有隱匿性的交流平台是必要的趨勢。
建立在門羅幣底層的技術和加密法已經是(且會持續是)許多單位和個人研究和分析的對象。這些技術已獲得了一些在比特幣及密碼學中最頂尖的研究人員們的注意，像是Andrew Poelstra (andytoshi), Gregory Maxwell 和 Nicolas Courtois。
對於門羅幣，完善的隱匿性是最基本的功能，然而，每個使用者都有權力自行選擇不同等級的加密、披露交易資訊的多寡，或甚至提供讓該使用者公開自己的帳戶讓大眾審視的唯讀權限。
本頁原文來自官方網站:
Monero seeks to provide absolute transactional privacy in an effort to create true electronic cash. With Bitcoin, as well as with the vast majority of cryptocurrencies that have been established since, any and all transactions are entirely traceable. Any casual observer can read through the Bitcoin blockchain, and for any transaction, this observer can find out the exact amount that was transacted, as well as the precise transaction origin (sender address) and destination (recipient address).
With Monero, for any private transaction, the same observer has no means to uncover the origin, destination, or amount transacted. As such, transactions on the Monero blockchain, are private and fundamentally untraceable.
But Monero is more than a currency. Driving the official slogan: “secure, private, untraceable”, there are a multitude of applications where the parties involved wish to remain private. The Monero blockchain can keep confidential contracts confidential. While the forthcoming, blockchain-powered internet of things will certainly place the cloud all around us, it is then increasingly important that open access tools exist to provide a secure boundary for private settlements.
But Monero is more than a currency. Driving the official slogan: “secure, private, untraceable”, there are a multitude of applications where the parties involved wish to remain private. The Monero blockchain can keep confidential contracts confidential. While the forthcoming, blockchain-powered internet of things will certainly place the cloud all around us, it is then increasingly important that open access tools exist to provide a secure boundary for private settlements.
An often overlooked, but nonetheless important layer of privacy in a connected world, is that of the networking infrastructure. We have teamed up with Privacy Solutions, and development is well underway to incorporate an i2p router in Monero. In a world where ill intentioned governments and ISPs can void an individual’s basic privacy rights on a whim, it then becomes necessary to establish a private communication platform.
The underlying technologies and cryptography upon which Monero is built, has been (and continues to be) the subject of extensive analysis and review by numerous individuals and research groups. It has garnered favorable attention by some of the most prominent figures of the Bitcoin & cryptography world, such as Andrew Poelstra (andytoshi), Gregory Maxwell & Nicolas Courtois.
With Monero, transactions are private by default. However, each user has the ability to select different levels of privacy, optionally disclosing their transaction information, or even provide audit access (view only) to his full Monero account.
去中心化 (DECENTRALIZATION)
當大多加密貨幣順著風潮往理論上可行的去中心化前進時，事實是大多數的加密貨幣在這部分都言過其實。到底有多少真正做到去中心化的呢？真要說的話，不是真的沒有，只是大多數的加密貨幣不過是以不同的形式往中心化的方向靠攏罷了。
透過權益證明法(Proof of Stake, PoS)運作的貨幣，其不穩定的發行數量和分佈模式使得最後的權益都會集中在少人的手上，參與度較低的使用者將會被歸類於次等公民，幾乎沒有機會獲得等同的報酬。
而透過工作量證明法(Proof of Work, PoW)運作的貨幣，像是比特幣就是一個明顯的例子，挖礦的算力被大型的礦池所把持著，這種中心化的算力搭配著資訊透明的區塊鏈已經開始造成各種形式的交易審查情況。
有些加密貨幣則是使用了封閉的發行模式，因此開發過程是中心化的，這些封閉的專案都沒有做到讓公眾審查的過程，更重要的是，開發的過程很有可能會因為其開發者或特定把持技術的團體依其自身利益而輕易左右決策。
門羅幣與這些貨幣相比有許多強大的優點。門羅幣使用嚴格的工作量證明法來運作，具體的說，運算過程使用的演算法是對全世界現有成千上萬的裝置(任何具有x86架構的CPU)所最佳化設計，當這個特性與智慧挖礦功能結合後，可以確保在未來的數年內，每一個人都可以持續參與挖礦的過程，而不會被大型的礦池所壟斷。
而且，門羅幣的交易在區塊鏈上都是隱匿的，被審查交易是不可能的。門羅幣的開發既不是封閉或是特定人員的參與，目前門羅幣核心的開發專案貢獻者超過了30人，過去一年內上傳了超過1000個程式碼的修訂，開發專案非常歡迎新的貢獻者的加入，而許多長程的規劃方向與優先順序規劃也都是在社群內公開的討論。這也代表門羅幣的程式碼開發過程非常的耗費心力，所有被接受加入程式碼的修訂，都要能被整個社群所審視和測試。
幾乎所有的門羅幣開發人員都會於開放原始碼原則具有高度的熱誠，再如此高度創造力的環境下才能創造出新專案的火花，OpenAlias就是一個很好的例子。
本頁原文來自官方網站:
While most cryptocurrencies align to theoretical principles of decentralization, the reality is that most fall short of such a claim. More often than not, it is not just one branch of a cryptocurrency system that is centralized in one form or another, it is that many branches are so.
With Proof of Stake currencies, irregular emission and distribution models cause most of the staking power to end up in the hand of a privileged few. Participants of lesser weight are reduced to second class citizens, with little chance of ever obtaining similar returns.
With Proof of Work currencies, of which Bitcoin remains the most significant reference, the mining process is largely concentrated in a handful of pools. This centralization of mining power, combined with a transparent blockchain, has already lead to various occurrences of transaction censorship.
Other currencies opt for a closed development model, thus centralizing the invention process itself. These closed platforms commonly fail to meet any form of public audit or expert review. More importantly, these are platforms that will anytime swing left and right, in order to satisfy the interests of the restricted group that holds control of development.
Monero contrasts with these examples in various and meaningful ways. Monero is powered strictly by Proof of Work, but specifically, it employs a mining algorithm that has the potential to be efficiently tasked to billions of existing devices (any modern x86 CPU). This very characteristic, and more so once it is coupled with @Smart Mining, has the potential to ensure that for long years to come, the process of mining new Monero coins is within reach of the common individual, and not an exclusive opportunity to the owners of large mining operations.
Further, as transactions are private by default on the Monero blockchain, transaction censorship is inherently void. The Monero development landscape on the other hand, is very much the opposite of a closed or restricted access model. The core branch currently enjoys more than 30 contributors, pushing 1000+ commits over the past year. The project is happy to take on new contributors and any future plans, long-term direction and priorities are openly discussed with the community. Indeed, the policy that governs contribution to the Monero codebase is exhaustingly inclusive - all contributions are accepted into the development branch, where new code can be scrutinized and tested by the entire community.
Most contributors in the Monero development landscape are quite passionate for an open source philosophy, and in this rich creative environment, new projects have sparked to life.OpenAliasis one notable example, which has seen adoption by (amongst others) a major Bitcoin related software product.
可擴展性 (SCALEABILITY)
加密貨幣的其中一個大難題就是可擴展性，大部分的加密貨幣都是由彼特幣的程式碼衍伸而來，因此存在著所謂"區塊容量限制"，這個限制在彼特幣社群內成為一個被爭論得相當激烈的議題，而門羅幣沒有這個問題，因為門羅幣的設計上區塊容量是動態的，這個容量限制會定期自動重新計算，而且有一個懲罰系統將會用來防止區塊容量失控性的成長。另一個加密貨幣會遇到的問題則是手續費的市場，這其實也是源自於區塊容量的問題，當區塊容量有限制時，一定會使手續費成長，這是一個具有高度爭議的問題，以當前的設計下，驗證區塊的手續費是礦工主要的工作動機來源並且確保區塊鏈安全的方式，但這種模式很有可能無法永續運作。以現在來說，礦工一如預期的都會為了區塊獎勵而去挖最長的那條區塊鏈，但是一但在將來區塊獎勵比交易手續費還少的時候，礦工極有可能為了高額的手續費而使得區塊鏈出現分岔。因此，門羅幣建立了所謂"永久區塊獎勵"的機制，區塊鏈的獎勵永遠不會少於0.3 XMR，這代表不論手續費如何變化，礦工永遠會有足夠的動機去挖最長的區塊鏈確保其安全。
本頁原文來自官方網站:
One of the problems with cryptocurrencies is scaleability. Most cryptocurrencies are derived from the Bitcoin codebase and thus have a "block size limit". This limit has become a big issue in the Bitcoin community and led to fierce discussions. Monero doesn't suffer from this block size debate, because it has a dynamic block size limit. This limit is automatically recalculated regularly based on a look-back window. A penalty system prevents out of control growth of the block size. Another issue with most cryptocurrencies is the development of a fee market. This issue is somewhat linked to the block size debate: the narrative is that when you limit the block size, a fee market will eventually develop. But this claim is highly debatable. When the transaction fees are supposed to be the main incentive for miners to secure the blockchain, it is possible the current consensus model will not be sustainable. At the moment, miners still act as they are expected: they mine on the longest chain. When they don't do that, they risk losing the block reward. But when that block reward becomes small compared to the mining fees, it's possible miners will have an incentive to not mine on the longest chain and start a fork trying to "steal" high transaction fees which were included in the latest blocks. Therefore, monero implements a "permanent block reward". The block reward will never drop below 0.3 XMR, making monero a disinflationary currency: the inflation will be roughly 1% in 2022 and go down forever, but the nominal inflation will stay at 0.3 XMR per minute. This means that there will always be an incentive for miners to mine monero and thus keeping the blockchain secure, with or without a fee market.
替代性 (FUNGIBILITY)
替代性是任何一個正常運作的貨幣所該具有的功能，當您使用如比特幣這種非替代性的錢幣時，您可以選擇使用混幣或其他種增強匿名性的功能來增加隱私，即便如此，這些匿名的交易紀錄在區塊鏈上還是可以被辨識出是"可疑的交易活動"。這種非替代性的貨幣最後還是會招致審查制度的產生，譬如交易所可能拒絕你可能牽連到可疑交易區塊的支付和存款或是礦工可能拒絕驗證你的可疑交易資訊。反觀門羅幣就直接具有基本的混幣功能，所有的輸出都將是被混淆過的，這都要推功於門羅幣的混幣功能是被動內建於系統中的，甚至可以離線進行混幣！這些交易的輸出結果就像"推諉不知情"的狀態，你無法知道這些錢是在某些交易中被花費掉或沒花費過，這樣非透明的區塊鏈使得所有錢幣都是同等無法分辨的，而門羅幣內建的這種特性也使其夠成為真正的電子貨幣。
本頁原文來自官方網站:
Fungibility is an important property of any functioning currency. You can try to hide your bitcoins as much as you want, if you tried to mix your non-fungible coins using a mixer, coinjoin or another type of "anonymity enhancing feature", these transactions can still be flagged as "possible suspicious activity on the blockchain", even if you are anonymous. Using non-fungible tokens as currency can eventually lead to blacklisting/whitelisting either by governments or through self-censorship. Some examples of these measures could be payment processors or exchanges refusing your tainted coins as a payment or deposit or miners refusing to include your suspicious transaction. Monero will enforce a minimum mixing across the network, so all outputs are mixed by default. This is possible due to the nature of the mixing: monero mixing is "passive" and can even be done offline! Transaction outputs have "plausible deniability" about their state: you can't tell if they are spent or unspent in a certain transaction or not. This leads to an opaque (non-transparent) blockchain making all coins "equal". Fungibility is built into Monero at protocol level, making it real "digital cash"..
沒有留言:
張貼留言